過年，是中華民族最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一，每年過大年的時(shí)候，家家戶戶都會(huì)按照傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗來迎接新春的到來。這些習(xí)俗不僅承載著豐富的歷史和文化內(nèi)涵，更寄托著人們對美好生活的向往。今天，我們就來聊聊過年期間的那些必備習(xí)俗，看看它們背后隱藏的文化故事。
首先，過年第一步當(dāng)然是“過大年”了。無論是北方的“ Twelve Days of Christmas ”，還是南方的“春節(jié)”，人們都會(huì)在除夕這一天開始準(zhǔn)備年貨，貼春聯(lián)，準(zhǔn)備紅紙，一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。這個(gè)過程其實(shí)也是一場心靈的準(zhǔn)備，幫助我們進(jìn)入迎接新年的狀態(tài)。
年夜飯是過年最重要的傳統(tǒng)餐食，通常是一家人團(tuán)聚在一起，享用一頓豐盛的晚餐。年夜飯的菜肴種類繁多，有魚、餃子、湯圓、紅燒肉等等，每一道菜都承載著不同的寓意。比如，魚象征“年年有余”，餃子則是“招財(cái)進(jìn)寶”，而湯圓則是“團(tuán)團(tuán)圓圓”。年夜飯不僅是美食的享受，更是家庭情感的紐帶。
在除夕夜，人們通常會(huì)“守歲”，也就是一直呆在家里不外出。這個(gè)習(xí)俗背后的意義是，通過宅在家里，可以避免“祟”（ bad luck 的象征），保佑平安。守歲不僅僅是時(shí)間的等待，更是對美好未來的期待。
“掃塵”是中國北方的習(xí)俗，意思是用掃帚掃去一年的“塵土”，寓意去除晦氣，迎接新年的到來。這個(gè)習(xí)俗提醒我們要在新年伊始，清理舊歲，迎接新氣象。在一些地方，人們還會(huì)在打掃衛(wèi)生的同時(shí)，用掃帚掃去門窗上的“福字”，寓意“福”字要倒著貼，寓意“倒?！奔础案狻?。
“祭祖”是過年期間的重要習(xí)俗之一。人們會(huì)回到祖先的墓地，進(jìn)行祭祀活動(dòng)，表達(dá)對祖先的懷念和尊敬之情。這個(gè)習(xí)俗不僅是一種文化傳承，也是對祖先智慧和犧牲的致敬。
“貼春聯(lián)”和“福字”也是過年期間的必備習(xí)俗。春聯(lián)是由對聯(lián)大師揮毫潑墨寫就的，內(nèi)容通常與吉祥話、祝福語相關(guān)。福字則是/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/year/
